Computer Networking and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Computer Networking and Management - Essay Example y or through a communication channel), and there may be a probability that an unauthorized person can access the secret keys during their transmission. (‘Harvard style’, n.d.a) Secret-key systems require the sharing of some secret or sometimes trust of a third party to support authentication. As a result, a sender can repudiate a previously authenticated message by claiming that the shared secret was somehow compromised by one of the parties sharing the secret. For example, the Kerberos secret-key authentication system keeps copies of the secret keys of all uses in a central database; an attack on the database would allow widespread forgery. On the other hand, since each user has sole responsibility for protecting his or her private key, public-key authentication effectively prevents any sort of repudiation; this property of public-key authentication is often called non-repudiation. (‘Harvard style’, n.d.a) Unlike secret-key cryptography, public-key cryptography may be vulnerable to impersonation even if user’s private keys are not available. A successful attack on certification authority will allow an adversary to impersonate whomever the adversary chooses by using a public-key certificate from the compromised authority to bind a key of the adversary’s choice to the name of another user. (‘Harvard style’, n.d.a) RSA, which stands for Rivest, Shamir and Adleman, was the first and most widely used public key cryptosystem. Developed in 1977 by three M.I.T. professors, it is based on the mathematical properties of modulo arithmetic. (‘Harvard style’, n.d.c) Modulo arithmetic is much like normal arithmetic, but only uses integers no longer than a limiting number, the modulus (usually written as m). Any result larger than the modulus has the modulus subtracted from it repeatedly until it is less than the modulus. Thus, instead of the numbers forming a line, modulo numbers can be thought of as forming a ring, when the largest number loops back to

Interpreting and Applying Legislation Assignment

Interpreting and Applying Legislation - Assignment Example [1 mark] 2. What is the legal duty placed on employees to take care of their own health and safety while they are working? Refer to the relevant section of the Act in your answer. (Summarise in to your own words –No more than 50 words) Section 19(a) of Public act 1992 describes how the act applies to employees. Employees are expected to ensure their own safety by having protective clothing and equipment, while Section 19(b) seeks to protect other people from employees’ action or in action. [1mark] 3. What is the meaning of the word ‘hazard’ under the HSEA? Section 2 of the public act 1992 provide the definition of hazard as an activity, arrangement, circumstance, event, occurrence, phenomenon, process, situation, or substance (whether arising or caused within or outside a place of work) that is an actual or potential cause or source of harm; subparagraph (i) and (ii) validates this definition as; (i)  A situation where a person's behaviour may be an actua l or potential cause or source of harm to the person or another person; and (ii)  Without limitation, a situation described in subparagraph (i) resulting from physical or mental fatigue, drugs, alcohol, traumatic shock, or another temporary condition that affects a person's behaviour. [1 mark] 4. ... The act guides and safeguard people in there place of work against indemnification and help meet international standards. 5. Why is it important to know what the ‘purpose’ of an Act is when trying to understand it? (Hint: Refer to relevant sections of The Interpretation Act 1999 in your answer). Section 5(1) of the interpretation Act 1999 submits that acts are to be interpreted according to their purpose. Purpose is therefore important for clear understanding and interpretation of an act. [1 mark] 6. What is the meaning of ‘significant hazard’ and what is an employer legally required to do when a significant hazard is identified. Refer to the relevant sections of the Act in your answer. (Provide the definition and then summarise the legal obligations in to your own words –No more than 50 words) A significant hazard is a hazard that can result to serious occupational illness. Section 8 prescribes that employers have a role of eliminating significant ha zard to employees. If it cannot be eliminated, section 9 requires the employer to isolate it from the employees. If elimination and isolation are impracticable, then significant hazard must be minimised (section 10). [1 mark] 7. Where do you find the list of injuries and illnesses that constitute ‘serious harm’? Give two examples of serious harm. Schedule  1 HSE Act 1992 Example of Serious harm; Amputation of body part. Loss of consciousness, or acute illness requiring treatment by a medical practitioner, from absorption, inhalation, or ingestion, of any substance. [1 mark] 8. What is an employer required to do where there has been a serious harm illness or injury? Refer to the relevant section of the Act in your answer. (Summarise in to your own words –No more than 50